What is E102? (Food Additive Explained)
E102 is tartrazine — a synthetic lemon-yellow food colouring. It's one of the 'Southampton Six' artificial colours linked to hyperactivity in children, and UK/EU products containing it must carry a warning label.
What is E102?
Full name: Tartrazine
E102 is an artificial azo dye that produces a bright lemon-yellow colour. It's synthesised from coal tar derivatives and has been used in food manufacturing since the early 20th century. Tartrazine is one of the six artificial food colours identified in the 2007 University of Southampton study as potentially linked to increased hyperactivity in children — a group now commonly known as the 'Southampton Six'.
What does E102 do in food?
E102 is used solely as a colouring agent. It gives foods and drinks a vivid yellow colour that's more consistent and stable than natural alternatives. It's heat-stable and doesn't fade easily, making it popular in products with a long shelf life. It's often combined with blue dyes (like E133) to create green colours in confectionery and beverages.
Where is E102 found?
E102 is commonly found in:
- Soft drinks and squash
- Sweets and confectionery
- Ice lollies and desserts
- Crisps and snack foods
- Mustard and sauces
- Cake mixes and icing
Is E102 bad for you?
E102 is approved for use in the EU and UK, but it comes with more caveats than most additives. Since 2010, any food containing tartrazine must carry the warning: 'may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children'. EFSA has set an ADI of 7.5 mg/kg body weight per day. Some individuals — particularly those with aspirin sensitivity or asthma — may experience allergic-type reactions. While it's not banned in the UK, many major supermarkets and food brands have voluntarily removed it from their products.
Why E102 matters for food choices
E102 is a textbook example of an additive that exists purely to make food look more appealing. It adds no nutritional value and no functional benefit beyond colour. Its presence is a strong indicator of ultra-processed food under the NOVA classification — products designed to be attractive and hyper-palatable rather than nourishing. The fact that many UK retailers have voluntarily stopped using it tells its own story.
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