How to Identify Ultra-Processed Foods (UPF) on Labels

You don't need a science degree to identify ultra-processed food. Once you know what to look for on an ingredient label, the patterns become obvious. Here are the 10 categories of industrial additives that signal NOVA Group 4 — and the specific ingredients to watch for.

3 quick checks for ultra-processed food

1

5+ ingredients

Ultra-processed foods typically have five or more ingredients, many of which are industrial additives.

2

Unrecognisable names

If you see ingredients you wouldn't find in a home kitchen — emulsifiers, stabilisers, modified starches — it's likely NOVA 4.

3

Any 'flavouring'

Any product with 'flavouring' or 'natural flavouring' listed is almost certainly ultra-processed.

The 10 categories of UPF markers

These are the types of industrial additives that signal NOVA Group 4 on food labels.

Emulsifiers

14 markers

Substances that help mix oil and water. Found in bread, margarine, ice cream, and sauces. Key markers: mono- and diglycerides, polysorbate, sorbitan monostearate.

mono and diglyceridesmono- and diglyceridesmonoglyceridesdiglyceridespolysorbate

Protein Derivatives

20 markers

Industrially extracted proteins stripped from whole foods. Found in protein bars, shakes, meat substitutes, and processed snacks.

soy protein isolatewhey protein isolatepea protein isolateprotein isolatehydrolyzed protein

Modified Starches

13 markers

Starch that has been chemically or physically altered to change its properties. Used as thickeners in sauces, ready meals, and desserts.

modified starchmodified corn starchmodified maize starchmodified tapioca starchmodified potato starch

Modified Fats

6 markers

Oils that have been industrially altered (hydrogenated or interesterified). Found in margarine, biscuits, and fried snacks. Linked to trans fats.

hydrogenated vegetable oilhydrogenated palm oilhydrogenated fatpartially hydrogenatedinteresterified oil

Flavourings

16 markers

Any added flavouring — even 'natural flavouring' — is a NOVA 4 marker. If a food needs flavouring added, it can't provide that flavour from its own ingredients.

flavouringflavouringsnatural flavouringnatural flavouringsartificial flavouring

Thickeners & Stabilisers

16 markers

Industrial thickening and gelling agents. Found in sauces, desserts, plant milks, and low-fat products. Carrageenan and xanthan gum are most common.

carrageenanxanthan gumguar gumlocust bean gumcellulose gum

Humectants

2 markers

Moisture-retaining substances that keep products soft and prevent drying. Found in cakes, protein bars, and soft tortillas.

propylene glycolpolydextrose

Colours

11 markers

Artificial and processed natural colours. Found in sweets, cereals, sauces, and drinks. Include synthetic dyes and processed plant extracts.

caramel colourcaramel colortitanium dioxidecarminebrilliant blue

Preservatives

12 markers

Chemicals that prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life. Found in bread, processed meat, soft drinks, and sauces.

sodium benzoatepotassium sorbatecalcium propionatesodium nitritesodium nitrate

Industrial Sugars

17 markers

Sugar-derived ingredients created through industrial processing — not the same as sugar you'd add at home. Includes glucose syrup, maltodextrin, and isoglucose.

invert sugarisoglucoseglucose-fructose syrupfructose-glucose syruphigh maltose corn syrup

Classify any food

Check the NOVA group of any product

Paste an ingredient list and see the NOVA classification, processing signals, and additive breakdown.

Frequently asked questions

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